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<text id=89TT1127>
<title>
May 01, 1989: Roaring '80s Turn Grinding '90s
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
May 01, 1989 Abortion
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BUSINESS, Page 58
Roaring '80s Turn Grinding '90s
</hdr><body>
<p>Despite the rising Dow, Wall Street's free ride is over
</p>
<p> Poor Wall Street. In a slide that began with the
stock-market crash 18 months ago, the get-rich-quick go-go years
have faded into memory. No longer do brokerages open branches
in every mall or freely lavish six-figure salaries on young
talent. Gone are many of the yachts and the black-tie dinners
-- along with more than 8% of the 260,000 employees who worked
in the U.S. securities industry before the collapse. And despite
the cost cutting, a fresh wave of gloom rolled through
investment houses last week. Even as the Dow Jones industrial
average surged 72.40 points to a post-crash high of 2409.46,
blue-chip firms announced setbacks that ranged from layoffs to
plunging profits. Says Perrin Long, who follows the securities
industry for Lipper Analytical Services in Manhattan: "A new
reality has set in."
</p>
<p> In contrast with 1988, when the binge in corporate buyouts
helped offset the defection of millions of small investors, the
latest downturn reflected weakness in virtually every phase of
Wall Street's business. With merger mania dampened by high
interest rates and fears of a political backlash against
debt-laden megadeals, the value of announced corporate
acquisitions fell to $76 billion in the first quarter of 1989,
down 58% from the comparable period last year. At the same time,
intense competition has driven down the commission on stock
trades to as little as 4 cents a share, vs. about 8 cents before
the crash.
</p>
<p> Such problems have plunged most firms into the financial
doldrums. Merrill Lynch, the largest U.S. brokerage, reported
last week that its first-quarter profits tumbled to $37.2
million, down 46% from a year ago. Paine Webber Group said its
earnings dropped 56%, while Dean Witter's income was off nearly
40%. Shearson Lehman Hutton suffered a particularly harsh blow.
After writing down its holdings in MCorp, a troubled Texas
banking firm, Shearson reported a $15 million loss for the
quarter. Overall, the before-tax income of U.S. securities firms
slumped to $450 million, down 60% from the first quarter of
1988.
</p>
<p> The depressed earnings were just one sign of Wall Street's
myriad woes. Drexel Burnham Lambert, the junk-bond pioneer,
said last week it plans to sell its retail brokerage business,
which trades for small investors, and concentrate on large
institutional clients. That move and cutbacks in other divisions
will slash Drexel's payroll of 9,000 employees by about
one-third. In a candid statement, Drexel said "adverse
publicity" about its legal problems had helped drive it from the
retail market. Earlier this month the company settled a
Securities and Exchange Commission suit by agreeing to fire its
indicted junk-bond czar, Michael Miliken, and submit to intense
Government supervision.
</p>
<p> The latest moves angered many employees who had stood by
Drexel during its two-year legal ordeal, in which the firm was
investigated for stock fraud and other allegations. Outraged
brokers shouted down Drexel chief executive Frederick Joseph
when he fielded questions about the sale over the firm's
coast-to-coast intercom. "You show a lot of loyalty," a
disgruntled employee said later, "and what you get back is
`Don't let the door hit you on the way out.'"
</p>
<p> While Drexel's case is extraordinary, other investment
houses are going through wrenching changes in their corporate
culture as executives search for ways to cut the fat. In Chicago
brokerages are passing up the chance to rent $55,000-per-season
"skyboxes" in Wrigley Field, even though treating clients to a
Cubs game is a traditional way of bringing in new business. Many
superstar brokers now make their own telephone pitches to court
new clients, and brew their own coffee, after losing the
assistants who handled those chores. Even senior partners are
being laid off when their sales volume dwindles. "Loyalty and
all that kind of stuff go out the window," says an executive of
a major Chicago firm that is trimming 10% of its staff. "We're
looking at whether we want to carry their health- and
life-insurance costs. And when several brokers go, that's one
less secretary too."
</p>
<p> The cost cutting seems destined to continue in a world so
interconnected that a decision made in Bonn can lower prices on
Wall Street. The West German central bank inadvertently slowed
last week's stock-market rally, for example, by raising interest
rates to keep German inflation in check. The move briefly
touched off fresh fears of a worldwide round of rate hikes and
slower growth. Meanwhile, competition from Japanese and European
firms that have opened U.S. offices is helping depress Wall
Street commissions. Wall Street is not alone in its distress,
for such financial centers as London and Tokyo are experiencing
similar overcrowding.
</p>
<p> Some Wall Street experts predict painful new layoffs at
many U.S. firms. "What the industry needs is a good
housecleaning," says Lipper Analytical's Long, who argues that
brokerages would need to dismiss 12,000 to 17,000 more employees
to keep profits from sinking further. Other analysts expect a
steady decline in the number of investment firms. Since the
crash, membership on the New York Stock Exchange has fallen from
392 companies to 365, a decline of nearly 7%. The dropouts have
either closed their doors or merged with stronger firms.
</p>
<p> Partly for such reasons, a grim mood seemed evident among
brokers last week. "If you can survive this period in the
business," a Chicago moneyman said, "you can survive just about
anything." But some managers saw no end to hard times. Mused
Desmond Heathwood, chief investment officer of the Los Angeles
branch of Boston Co., a unit of Shearson Lehman: "To have one's
job will be the bonus this year."
</p>
</body></article>
</text>